Guides for Foreign Investors
Practical, detailed guides covering every step of forming and running a company in Turkey as a foreign investor.
Residence Permits Through Company Formation in Turkey
Guide to obtaining a residence permit in Turkey through company formation and business investment. Permit types, application process, requirements, and renewal procedures for foreign investors in 2026.
GuideJoint Stock Company (A.Ş.) Formation in Turkey
Complete guide to forming a Joint Stock Company (Anonim Şirket / A.Ş.) in Turkey as a foreign investor. Requirements, capital, board structure, formation process, and when to choose A.Ş. over LLC for 2026.
GuideTax System in Turkey for Foreign Companies
Guide to the Turkish tax system for foreign-owned companies. Corporate tax rates, VAT, withholding taxes, tax incentives, filing deadlines, and double tax treaties explained for 2026.
GuideWork Permits for Foreign Business Owners in Turkey
Complete guide to obtaining a work permit in Turkey as a foreign business owner or company shareholder. Application process, required documents, processing times, and the Turquoise Card option for 2026.
GuideAnnual Compliance Requirements for Companies in Turkey
Complete guide to annual compliance obligations for Turkish companies. Financial statements, general assembly, tax filings, audit requirements, and statutory deadlines for 2026.
GuideArticles of Association in Turkey: Drafting and Requirements
Guide to drafting articles of association (ana sözleşme) for Turkish companies. Mandatory clauses, share capital structure, management provisions, notarization, and amendment process for 2026.
GuideBranch Office in Turkey for Foreign Companies
How to establish a branch office in Turkey as a foreign company. Requirements, registration process, tax obligations, and comparison with subsidiary formation for 2026.
GuideBusiness Bank Account Requirements in Turkey
What documents and steps are required to open a corporate bank account in Turkey. Requirements for LLCs and JSCs, KYC documentation, major Turkish banks, online banking, and timelines for 2026.
GuideCompany Formation in Turkey for Non-Residents
How non-resident foreigners can form a company in Turkey without relocating. Power of attorney process, remote formation steps, document requirements, and ongoing management for 2026.
GuideCompany Name Registration in Turkey
How to choose and register a company name in Turkey. MERSIS name search, naming rules, prohibited words, reserved names, and trade name vs. trademark protection for 2026.
GuideShare Structure and Transfer in Turkish Companies
How share capital works in Turkish LLCs and JSCs. Share issuance, transfer restrictions, preemption rights, share pledge, valuation for transfers, and registration requirements for 2026.
GuideConstruction Company Formation in Turkey
Guide to forming a construction company in Turkey. Contractor classification, required licenses, bidding for public projects, insurance requirements, and formation steps for 2026.
GuideStarting a Consulting Company in Turkey
How to form a consulting or professional services company in Turkey. Company structure options, sector licensing requirements, VAT obligations, and client invoicing for 2026.
GuideCorporate Governance Requirements for Companies in Turkey
Overview of corporate governance rules for Turkish companies. General assembly obligations, board of directors, profit distribution, minority shareholder rights, and public company rules for 2026.
GuideCorporate Tax in Turkey: A Guide for Foreign-Owned Companies
Overview of corporate income tax in Turkey for foreign investors. Tax rates, advance tax payments, deductible expenses, exemptions, loss carryforward, and filing deadlines for 2026.
GuideCustoms and Import Duties in Turkey
Overview of Turkish customs procedures and import duties. EU Customs Union scope, tariff schedule, customs clearance process, free zones, and common pitfalls for importers in 2026.
GuideDissolving and Liquidating a Company in Turkey
How to close and liquidate a company in Turkey. Voluntary dissolution process, liquidation steps, tax clearance, trade registry deregistration, and final obligations for 2026.
GuideDouble Taxation Treaties: Turkey's Tax Treaty Network
How Turkey's double taxation agreements protect foreign investors. Treaty benefits, reduced withholding tax rates, permanent establishment rules, and how to claim treaty benefits for 2026.
GuideStarting an E-Commerce Business in Turkey
Step-by-step guide to launching an e-commerce business in Turkey. Company formation, marketplace regulations, ETBİS registration, payment systems, and tax compliance for 2026.
GuideEducation Company Formation in Turkey
How to set up a private school, tutoring center, or educational services company in Turkey. Ministry of National Education approval, licensing, foreign ownership, and compliance for 2026.
GuideForeign Exchange Regulations in Turkey for Businesses
Guide to Turkey's foreign exchange (FX) regulations for foreign-owned companies. Capital transfers, FX reporting obligations, Central Bank regulations, and repatriation of profits for 2026.
GuideFree Zone Company Formation in Turkey
Guide to setting up a company in Turkey's free trade zones. Tax advantages, eligible activities, available free zones, requirements, and how to apply for 2026.
GuideHealthcare Company Formation in Turkey
Guide to establishing a private clinic, hospital, or medical services company in Turkey. Ministry of Health licensing, foreign ownership rules, staffing requirements, and compliance for 2026.
GuideHiring Employees in Turkey: A Guide for Foreign-Owned Companies
How foreign-owned companies can hire employees in Turkey. Employment contracts, minimum wage, notice periods, termination rules, work permits for foreign staff, and payroll for 2026.
GuideHolding Company Formation in Turkey
How to establish a holding company in Turkey. Structure options, tax advantages, participation exemption rules, subsidiary management, and formation process for 2026.
GuideStarting an Import/Export Company in Turkey
How to establish an import/export trading company in Turkey. Customs procedures, exporter/importer registration, required licenses, free trade agreements, and logistics for 2026.
GuideIntellectual Property Protection in Turkey
Overview of intellectual property rights in Turkey. Patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial designs, trade secrets, TÜRKPATENT registration, and enforcement mechanisms for 2026.
GuideInvestment Incentives in Turkey for Foreign Investors
Complete guide to Turkey's investment incentive programs. General, regional, strategic, and priority investment incentives. Tax reductions, customs duty exemptions, land allocation, and how to apply for 2026.
GuideIstanbul as a Business Hub: Why Foreign Companies Choose Turkey
Why Istanbul is a top choice for foreign companies entering emerging markets. Strategic location, talent pool, infrastructure, cost advantages, and key business districts for 2026.
GuideIstanbul Financial Center (IFC): Setting Up a Financial Services Business
Guide to establishing a business in the Istanbul Financial Center (IFC). Eligible financial services firms, tax incentives, licensing, work permit benefits, and how to apply for 2026.
GuideLiaison Office in Turkey: Setup Guide for Foreign Companies
Complete guide to opening a liaison office (representative office) in Turkey. Requirements, Ministry of Industry approval, permitted activities, and compliance for 2026.
GuideManufacturing Company Formation in Turkey
How to set up a manufacturing company in Turkey. Industrial zones, investment incentives, environmental permits, workforce considerations, and legal requirements for 2026.
GuideMERSIS Registration Guide for Turkey Company Formation
Step-by-step guide to using Turkey's MERSIS (Central Registry System) for company pre-registration. Account creation, data entry, article of association submission, and system navigation for 2026.
GuidePartnership Types in Turkey: Collective and Commandite Companies
Overview of partnership structures in Turkey including collective companies (kollektif şirket) and commandite companies (komandit şirket). Requirements, liability, and use cases for 2026.
GuideReal Estate Company Formation in Turkey
How to form a real estate company in Turkey for buying, selling, renting, and developing property. Licensing requirements, TARES registration, tax obligations, and foreign ownership rules for 2026.
GuideReal Estate Investment by Foreigners in Turkey
Guide to buying property in Turkey as a foreigner. Eligible nationalities, restricted areas, title deed (tapu) process, property taxes, rental income tax, and citizenship-by-investment threshold for 2026.
GuideSocial Security Registration for Employers in Turkey (SGK)
How to register with the Turkish Social Security Institution (SGK) as an employer. Contribution rates, employee registration, monthly declarations, and employer obligations for 2026.
GuideSole Proprietorship in Turkey for Foreign Entrepreneurs
Guide to establishing a sole proprietorship (şahıs şirketi / gerçek kişi) in Turkey as a foreigner. Requirements, tax obligations, comparison with LLC, and registration process for 2026.
GuideStarting a Technology Startup in Turkey
Guide to forming a tech startup in Turkey. Technopark (technopolis) incentives, R&D tax deductions, startup ecosystem, TÜBİTAK grants, equity structures, and formation steps for 2026.
GuideTourism and Hospitality Company Formation in Turkey
Guide to establishing a tourism, hotel, travel agency, or hospitality company in Turkey. Ministry of Culture and Tourism licensing, star classification, investment incentives for 2026.
GuideTrade Registry in Turkey: Registration and Compliance Guide
How the Turkish Trade Registry (Ticaret Sicili) works for foreign investors. Registration requirements, published documents, amendment filings, and annual registry obligations for 2026.
GuideTrademark Registration in Turkey
How to register a trademark in Turkey through the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (TÜRKPATENT). Application process, Nice classification, examination, opposition, costs, and timeline for 2026.
GuideTransfer Pricing Rules in Turkey
Guide to Turkey's transfer pricing regulations for related-party transactions. Arm's length principle, documentation requirements, methods, penalties, and advance pricing agreements for 2026.
GuideTurkish Citizenship by Investment: Requirements and Process
How to obtain Turkish citizenship through the investment pathway. Qualifying investment types, minimum thresholds, real estate option, bank deposit option, application process, and timeline for 2026.
GuideVAT Registration and Compliance in Turkey
How VAT (KDV) works for foreign-owned companies in Turkey. Registration, rates, monthly declarations, e-invoice obligations, and reverse charge mechanism for 2026.
GuideVirtual Office in Turkey for Company Formation
How to use a virtual office address for company formation in Turkey. Legal requirements, acceptable providers, costs, registered address obligations, and practical considerations for 2026.
GuideTypes of Work Permits in Turkey
Complete guide to all work permit types in Turkey. Regular work permits, independent work permits, turquoise card, Turquoise Card eligibility, application process, and renewal for 2026.
GuideOpening a Bank Account in Turkey as a Foreign Investor
Guide to opening a corporate bank account in Turkey for foreign-owned companies. Required documents, recommended banks, process steps, and practical tips for 2026.
GuideCompany Formation Costs in Turkey
Complete breakdown of company formation costs in Turkey for foreign investors in 2026. Government fees, professional service costs, minimum capital requirements, and ongoing expenses.
GuideHow to Form an LLC in Turkey
Step-by-step guide to forming a Limited Liability Company (LLC / Ltd. Şti.) in Turkey as a foreign investor. Requirements, MERSIS registration, costs, and timeline for 2026.
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